Introduction The Russia–Ukraine war, beginning in February 2022, has been one of the most disruptive geopolitical events of the 21st century. Beyond the humanitarian tragedy, it triggered seismic shifts in…
The bullish case for the SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (XOP) over the longer term centers on a favorable supply-demand backdrop for energy commodities and the…
1. Tightening supply fundamentals and geopolitical tailwindsDespite OPEC+ boosting output—including a planned 547,000 bpd increase in September and the phasing out of earlier voluntary cuts—oil prices have remained resilient around $66–$70…
Introduction The gold market is more than just the price of the metal itself — it’s a complex ecosystem of physical bullion, derivatives, and publicly traded mining companies. Two of…